What term describes the accuracy of a test in measuring what it is intended to measure?

The term that describes the accuracy of a test in measuring what it is intended to measure is "test validity." Validity refers to the degree to which a test accurately assesses the specific concept or construct it claims to evaluate. For example, if a math test effectively measures mathematical understanding rather than reading comprehension, it is considered valid.

Test validity encompasses several types, including content validity (the extent to which a measure represents all facets of a given construct), construct validity (how well a test or tool measures the theoretical construct it is intended to measure), and criterion-related validity (how well one measure predicts an outcome based on another measure).

In contrast, test reliability refers to the consistency of a test's results over time, while test effectiveness and test consistency may not directly address the specific measure of accuracy in evaluating what a test is designed to measure.