What is the social process by which culture is learned and transmitted across generations called?

The correct choice is encompassed within the concept of enculturation, which refers to the process through which individuals learn and adopt the cultural norms, values, practices, and behaviors of their culture, particularly from their surroundings, family, and community, across generations. This process is fundamental in shaping an individual's identity, worldview, and social skills, as it lays the foundation for how one navigates social interactions and cultural expectations.

Enculturation is distinct from acculturation, which typically involves the adoption of cultural traits from a different culture, often due to prolonged contact between cultures. Interlanguage refers to the evolving linguistic system that language learners create as they develop proficiency in a new language. Socialization is a broader term that encompasses all the processes through which individuals learn to function in society, but it can involve several influences beyond just cultural transmission, such as peer interactions and institutional influences. Thus, enculturation specifically highlights the direct cultural learning aspect that occurs from one generation to the next, making it the most accurate answer in this context.