What is the airflow that helps produce certain sounds by delayed exhalation called?

The airflow that helps produce certain sounds through delayed exhalation is referred to as aspiration. This phenomenon occurs when there is a release of a burst of air during the pronunciation of certain phonetic sounds, particularly voiceless plosives like 'p', 't', and 'k'. This burst of air creates a stronger and more pronounced sound, making it an important aspect of pronunciation in many languages. Aspiration can alter the meaning of words and is thus a critical feature in phonetics and phonology.

The other terms mentioned relate to different aspects of language and communication. Stress pertains to the emphasis placed on certain syllables or words in speech, altering their prominence and meaning. Innotation is not a recognized term in linguistics; the correct term is likely "intonation," which refers to the variation in pitch while speaking, affecting the emotional tone or grammatical structure of a sentence. Transcription typically deals with the written representation of spoken language, such as converting speech into a written form, rather than the production of sounds through airflow.